Influence of nutrition and stress on sugar maple at a regional scale
نویسندگان
چکیده
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline disease on the Allegheny Plateau (region 1) resulted in high levels of mortality during the 1990s. Sugar maple was predisposed to decline because of an imbalance in Mg, Ca, and Mn nutrition and incited to decline by repeated defoliation. We sampled 33 stands in New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire (region 2) to determine if this model of sugar maple decline applies to a broader region. Low Ca and Mg and higher Mn levels were correlated with poorer tree health in both regions, but region 2 stands had little defoliation and few dead trees, suggesting that both unbalanced nutrition and stress are required for mortality to occur. We predict that stands with low foliar Ca and Mg and high Mn levels would incur increased mortality if stressed. In region 2, relationships between Ca, Mg, and Mn levels and dieback suggested that impacts on sugar maple may be caused by nutritional imbalance alone. Partial correlation analysis suggests that antagonism between Mg and Mn is the most important nutritional factor in region 1, while Mn supply is most important in region 2. We suggest that more research is needed on the interacting roles played by Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn in sugar maple performance. Résumé : Le dépérissement de l’érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) sur le plateau des Appalaches (région 1) a causé beaucoup de mortalité durant les années 1990. L’érable à sucre était prédisposé au dépérissement à cause d’un déséquilibre nutritionnel impliquant Mg, Ca et Mn et le dépérissement a été déclenché par des défoliations répétées. Dans cette étude, nous avons échantillonné 33 peuplements dans les États de New York, du Vermont et du New Hampshire (région 2) pour déterminer si ce modèle de dépérissement de l’érable à sucre pouvait être appliqué à une région plus vaste. Une concentration faible de Ca et de Mg et élevée de Mn était corrélée avec le mauvais état de santé des arbres dans les deux régions mais il y avait peu de défoliation et d’arbres morts dans les peuplements de la région 2, ce qui indique que le déséquilibre nutritionnel et le stress sont tous les deux nécessaires pour qu’il y ait de la mortalité. Nous prédisons que la mortalité augmentera dans les peuplements dont la concentration foliaire de Ca et Mg est faible et celle de Mn est élevée s’ils subissent un stress. Dans la région 2, les relations entre Ca, Mg et Mn et le dépérissement indiquaient que les impacts sur l’érable à sucre pourraient être causés par le déséquilibre nutritionnel seul. L’analyse de corrélation partielle indique que l’antagonisme entre Mg et Mn est le facteur nutritionnel le plus important dans la région 1 tandis que l’apport de Mn est plus important dans la région 2. Nous croyons qu’il faudrait plus de recherches sur les interactions entre Ca, Mg, Al et Mn et sur leur rôle dans la performance de l’érable à sucre. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hallett et al. 2246
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